You've sort of hinted at the answer yourself. A LA error OP can be recoverable if the claimant ought reasonably to have realised, at the time of receiving the payment or receiving notification, that he/she was being overpaid.
This can properly only be decided on a case by case basis, since people's level of "realisation" is going to vary greatly for all sorts of reasons. A decision on recoverability carries appeal rights.
It is likely to turn things like the scale and nature of the OP, the claimant's knowledge and experience of the benefits system, claimant's health, level of education, the existence of notifications and how detailed and clear they are.
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